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1.
Rev. panam. infectol ; 16(2): 113-122, 2014.
Article in Spanish | LILACS, SES-SP | ID: biblio-1067149

ABSTRACT

La Leishmaniasis es una enfermedad parasitaria transmitida por insectos vectores. Es un problema de salud preocupante y emergente. Un gran porcentaje de la población en el mundo está expuesta a la enfermedad. La Leishmaniasis cutánea es una forma clínica circunscripta a la piel. Se reportan 1.500.000 nuevos casos por año en el mundo. Se caracteriza por presentar lesiones crónicas y estigmatizantes. Varias opciones de tratamiento se han experimentado con resultados diversos. La Organización Mundial de la Salud (OMS), en el año 2010, actualizó las drogas disponibles para esta enfermedad y elaboró recomendaciones. En Argentina predominan las formas clínicas visceral (LV) y cutánea (LC). El Ministerio de Salud de la Nación propone guías de tratamiento para la LV. El objetivo de esta revisión es analizar las opciones de tratamiento propuestas por la OMS y evaluar su utilización en Argentina para la Leishmaniasis cutánea americana (LCA)


Leishmaniasis is a parasitic disease transmitted by insect vectors. Is an emergent and health concern. A large percentage of the population in the world is exposed to this disease. Cutaneous Leishmaniasis is circumscribed to skin and one million and a half new cases are reported every year in the world. It affects the skin through chronic and stigmatizing lesions. Several treatment options have been used with different results. The World Health Organization (WHO) updated the available drugs to treat Leishmaniasis and made recommendations in the 2010 year. In Argentina, visceral (VL) and cutaneous (CL) Leishmaniasis are the most frequent types of presentation of the disease. Recommended therapeutic options to manage VL, but not for CL, are published by the Ministry of Health of the Nation. The objective of this review is to analyze the treatment options suggested by the WHO and evaluate its use for the treatment of American cutaneous leishmaniasis (ACL) in Argentina


Subject(s)
Male , Female , Humans , Leishmaniasis, Cutaneous/prevention & control , Leishmaniasis, Cutaneous/therapy , Leishmaniasis, Cutaneous/transmission , Leishmaniasis, Visceral/therapy , Leishmaniasis, Visceral/transmission , World Health Organization
2.
Rev. Fac. Med. (Caracas) ; 34(1): 55-59, 2011. tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-637407

ABSTRACT

La cátedra de Medicina Tropical de la Universidad Central de Venezuela viene empleando el antimoniato de meglumina en series terapéuticas de 10 días en el tratamiento de leishmaniosis tegumentaria americana, la cual continúa como problema de salud del medio rural venezolano. Se evalúa una experiencia con una dosis de 70 mg/kg/día de meglumina en niños con la enfermendad. A los pacientes con presunción diagnóstica de leishmaniosis tegumentaria americana (clínica y antecedentes epidemiológicos) se les efectuó la prueba de leishmania, la demostración de anticuerpos flurescentes antileishmania y la visualización de amastigotes en frotis teñidos con Giemsa. Los casos identificados ingresaron al Hospital Universitario (Pediatría médica infecciosa), recibieron 70 mg/kg/día de antimoniato de meglumina en series terapéuticas de 10 días con reposo intercalados por el mismo número de días. Se incluyeron 33 niños con la enfermedad, 21 de género femenino (64%) con promedio de edad 7,12 años y predominio de escolar (70%). Del Estado Miranda procedía el 85%, una sola úlcera la tenía el 88%, localizada en miembros inferiores (49%). La Leishmanina y los anticuerpos fluorescentes antileishmania fueron positivos en todos los pacientes y el frotis para amastigotes en 45%. Dos series de antimoniato de meglumina las recibió 91% de los pacientes; una de 10 días 6%. Egresaron con cicatrizaciones de sus procesos ulcerosos y fueron evaluados durante seis meses en la consulta de endemias rurales y no se evidenciaron recaídas. La variedad cutánea localizada de la enfermedad fue la única identificada, el Estado Miranda continúa aportando la mayoría de los pacientes atendidos en medicina tropical. El antimoniato de meglumina en leishmaniosis tegumentaria americana a la dosis de 70 mg/kg/día en series terapéuticas fue tan eficaz como la anterior de 100 mg/kg/día que dejó de administrarse hace ocho años.


The Tropical Medicine Department of the Universidad Central de Venezuela employs the meglumine pentavalent antimonial in series of 10 days of treatment for American Tegumentary Leishmaniosis, which continues being a health problem in the Venezuelan rural areas. We are reporting a clinical experience of treatment in children at a dose of 70 mg/kg/day. Patients with diagnostic suspición of American Tegumentary Leishmaniosis (clinical and epidemiologic antecedents) who attended the Rural Endemics Clinic at the Instituto de Medicina Tropical of the Universidad Central de Venezuela and to the Medical Infectious Pediatrics Service at the Hospital Universitario de Caracas (HUC), were tested for leishmanine, fluorescent antileishmania antibodies and for the presence of amastigotes of the parasite in smear for apposition from the ulcer that were treated by the Giemsa method. Patients hospitalized at the Medical Infectious Pediatric Service (Hospital Universitario de Caracas) received 70 mg/kg/day of meglumine pentavalent antimonial during 10 days, a rest period of 10 days without treatment and, if 20 days after ulcers were unhealed, was administred a new 10 days meglumine pentavalent antimonial series. We included 33 children with the disease with a mean age of 7,12 years, 70% in school age and 30% preschool children, and 21 (64%) were girls. The 85% of patients came from Miranda`s state, 88% had only ulcer and in 49% of them the lesions where localized in the legs. The apposition smear showed Leishmania amastigotes in 45% od cases. One series of treatment was given to 91% of cases, two children received two series and one three. At discharge from the hospital all ulcers were healed and follow-up control for a 6 months period showed no relapses. The cutaneous localized from was the clinical form of presentation in the children studied. The great majority of patients that assits to the Tropical Medicine Institute come from the Miranda`s state area...


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Child, Preschool , Child , Parasitic Diseases/pathology , Leishmaniasis, Cutaneous/diagnosis , Leishmaniasis, Cutaneous/drug therapy , Leishmaniasis, Cutaneous/therapy , Meglumine , Meglumine/therapeutic use , Antibodies, Antinuclear/therapeutic use , Rural Population/trends , Tropical Medicine
3.
Kasmera ; 37(2): 131-139, dic. 2009. ilus, tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-630933

ABSTRACT

La leishmaniosis tegumentaria americana es un problema de salud en el medio rural venezolano. Las úlceras leishmánicas tienden a infectarse secundariamente por bacterias piógenas. Se evaluaron 41 pacientes con la enfermedad que recibieron cefadroxilo oral previo a la toma de segmentos de piel del borde de las úlceras para la demostración microscópica de Leishmania spp. La mayoría de los pacientes eran adultos masculinos y provenían del medio rural del estado Miranda, con una úlcera única localizada en los miembros inferiores. El diagnóstico inmunoserológico se efectuó por leishmanina y anticuerpos fluorescentes y el de certeza por visualización de amastigotes en frotis coloreados. Los resultados inmunoserológicos fueron positivos en todos los pacientes, mientras que el parásito se observó en 51 por ciento de los frotis coloreados con Giemsa. Una semana postratamiento antimicrobiano, los pacientes presentaban mejoría de las infecciones sobreagregadas y también progreso en la visualización del parásito por disminución de la carga bacteriana. Los pacientes fueron tratados con antimoniato de meglumina intramuscular en series de 10 días, con reposo intermedio. Respondieron adecuadamente, las lesiones cicatrizaron y los nódulos satelitales acompañantes desaparecieron. Se concluye que el cefadroxilo es útil para tratar las infecciones piógenas secundarias asociadas en LTA y aumentar la sensibilidad para observar los parásitos en piel. La leishmaniosis considerada como enfermedad emergente, motiva la búsqueda de alternativas terapéuticas adecuadas


Cutaneous leishmaniosis of the New World (CLNW) is a health problem in rural areas of Venezuela. Patients with muco-cutaneous ulcers tend to present intercurrent infections of the lesions by pyogenic bacteria. After removing skin specimens from the ulcer borders for microscopic demonstration of Leishmania spp amastigotes, forty-one patients with the disease, being treated with cefadroxil per os were studied. Most of the patients came from rural Miranda state, were male adults and had one ulcer on a lower limb. Confirmatory diagnosis was made using the Montenegro test, or Leishmanin immunoserology (IFAT) and demonstration of the presence of parasites in the skin samples. All the patients were positive for the Leishmanin test, while parasites were observed in 51 percent of the skin smears colored by the Giemsa procedure. After a week of treatment with cefadroxil, bacterial infections were reduced and a decrease in bacterial load was also noted when visualizing the parasite from the skin smears. Patients were treated with intramuscular antimony meglumine for 10-day periods with an intervening rest period. All patients responded adequately to the meglumine antileishmania treatment; the lesions healed and accompanying tributary lymph nodes disappeared. Conclusion: Cefadroxil is a suitable antibiotic for treating intercurrent pyogenic infections in cases of tegumentary leishmaniosis. Since leishmaniosis is considered an emerging disease, a search for appropriate, alternative therapies is required


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Adult , Cefadroxil , Cefadroxil/therapeutic use , Skin Diseases, Infectious/diagnosis , Skin Diseases, Infectious/drug therapy , Leishmaniasis, Cutaneous/drug therapy , Leishmaniasis/drug therapy , Tropical Medicine
4.
Rev. Fac. Med. (Caracas) ; 32(2): 101-106, dic. 2009. ilus, tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-631560

ABSTRACT

La leishmaniosis tegumentaria americana es un problema de salud en el medio rural venezolano. La Cátedra de Medicina Tropical (UCV) y el Hospital Universitario de Caracas reciben pacientes con diagnóstico presuntivo, se realiza el diagnóstico de certeza y son tratados ambulatoria u hospitalariamente con antimoniato de meglumina en series terapéuticas de 10 días, a dosis de 3 000 mg/día a 4 500 mg/día. Se evalúan los resultados de 221 pacientes, la mayoría adultos masculinos, con úlcera única en miembros inferiores, procedentes del medio rural del Estado Miranda. Predominó la variedad cutánea localizada, seguida de la cutáneo mucosa con 4 pacientes y cutáneo difusa con 3. Hubo cicatrización de las úlceras y desaparición de los nódulos cutáneos, excepto en 1 paciente (0,3 por ciento) que requirió anfotericina B por falla terapéutica. En el estudio participan estudiantes del curso regular de la cátedra, integrantes del programa: docencia en medicina tropical basada en publicaciones periódicas


American tegumentary leishmaniasis (ATL) is a health problem in the rural areas of Venezuela. Patients are referred to the Tropical Medicine Department (UCV) and to the University Hospital of Caracas with presumptive diagnosis of the disease, are studied to confirm the diagnosis and treated with antimoniate of meglumine in 10 days course at dose of 3 000 mg./day to 4 500 mg./day according to complications as outpatients or hospitalized. We report the results of 221 patients treated, mostly male adults from the rural area of the Miranda state with a sole ulcer in the limbs. Among the clinical presentation the cutaneous-localized form was predominating, followed by the localized muco-cutaneous with 4 and cutaneous-diffuse variety with 3. They responded with healing of the ulcers and disappearance of skin nodules, except one (0.3 percent) who required anfotericine B due to lack of response to meglumine therapy. In this investigation there was the participation of students from the Tropical Medicine course: learning based on periodic publications with students


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Adult , Leishmaniasis, Cutaneous/diagnosis , Leishmaniasis, Cutaneous/therapy , Meglumine/therapeutic use , Tropical Medicine
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